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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-5-259-268</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-207</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Другое</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Miscellaneous</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Подходы к моделированию возникновения поверхностных контактно-усталостных повреждений в рельсах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Approaches to modeling occurrence of rolling contact fatigue damages in rails</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Сергей Михайлович - доктор технических наук, профессор, научный консультант, научный центр «Рельсы, сварка, транспортное материаловедение».</p><p>Москва, 129626</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey M. Zakharov - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor, Scientific Consultant of the Scientific Center “Rails, welding, transport material science”.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smzakharov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торская Елена Владимировна - доктор физико-математических наук, профессор.</p><p>Москва, 119526</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Torskaya - Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Professor, IPMech RAS.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт железнодорожного транспорта, Акционерное общество</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Stock Company “Railway Research Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт проблем механики им. А.Ю. Ишлинского Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution of Problems of Mechanics n. a. A. Yu. Ishlinskiy of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>77</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>259</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров С.М., Торская Е.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров С.М., Торская Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov S.M., Torskaya E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/207">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/207</self-uri><abstract><p>Контактно-усталостные повреждения рельсов наряду с их износом являются наиболее распространенными видами дефектов рельсов, в том числе рельсов нового поколения. За последние годы произошли существенные изменения в распределении видов контактно-усталостных повреждений как на российских, так и зарубежных железных дорогах, особенно на линиях с тяжеловесным движением. Поэтому актуальным является изучение механизмов и моделирование появления поверхностных контактно-усталостных повреждений рельсов. Данная статья посвящена обзору подходов к моделированию возникновения контактно-усталостных повреждений на рабочих поверхностях рельсов. Рассмотрены четыре вида подходов к моделированию: основанные на методах и подходах механики контактного взаимодействия; на получении количественных характеристик приспосабливаемости материалов к циклическому нагружению, устанавливаемых с помощью лабораторных испытаний; на применении критериев, имеющих физический смысл энергии, выделяющейся на контакте; прогнозирующие накопление пластической деформации в условиях циклического нагружения на базе серии стандартных испытаний рельсовых сталей, в том числе в зоне сварного стыка, и конечноэлементного моделирования. Сформулированы направления дальнейших исследований по образованию и развитию поверхностных контактно-усталостных дефектов в рельсах.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rolling contact-fatigue damages of rails along with their wear are the most common types of rail defects. In recent years, there have been significant changes in the distribution of rolling contact fatigue damages of rails especially on railways operating under heavy haul conditions.</p><p>This paper is devoted to the overview of approaches to modeling of the occurrence of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damages on working surfaces of rails. Four types of such approaches to modeling are considered. The first is based on the methods of contact mechanics. To realize it, the vehicle movement on the characteristic sections of the track is modeled, the forces acting in contact are determined, the contact problem is solved, and the values of the linear criterion of contact fatigue damage are determined. The required characteristics of rolling contact fatigue of the rail material are established on the basis of laboratory tests. The second approach uses the diagram of the adaptability of rail material to cyclic loads, proposed by K. Johnson, established on the basis of laboratory tests. The third approach uses criteria that have the physical meaning of the energy released at the contact as an index of the product of the tangential force in contact and relative slippage. In the fourth approach predicting the accumulation of plastic deformation under conditions of cyclic loading is performed on the basis of a series of standard tests of rail steels, including in the welded joint zone, and finite element modeling. In addition, there is also a probabilistic model, based on the assumption that it is possible to transfer the results of the RCF damage of rails on the experimental section of the road to any other site.</p><p>As the conclusion the authors formulated directions for further studies on the formation and development of surface rolling contact fatigue defects in rails.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рельсы</kwd><kwd>поверхностные контактноусталостные повреждения</kwd><kwd>моделирование возникновения</kwd><kwd>сварной стык</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rails</kwd><kwd>rolling surface contact fatigue defects</kwd><kwd>occurrence modeling</kwd><kwd>welded joint</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ офи-м РЖД, проект № 17-20-01147 «Разработка комплексного научного подхода к исследованию и прогнозированию работоспособности и ресурса рельсов нового поколения в условиях обращения тяжеловесных поездов, в том числе с повышенными осевыми нагрузками»</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research ofi-m RZD No. 17-20-01147 “Development of complex approach to research and forecasting for operational integrity and new generation of rail resources in terms of heavy trains passing which includes high axle loads”</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эволюция повреждаемости рельсов дефектами контактной усталости / Е.А. 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