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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-6-334-342</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Другое</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Miscellaneous</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности оценки состояния и поведения низководных мостов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of assessing the condition and behavior of low-water bridges</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локтев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Loktev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Локтев Алексей Алексеевич, д-р физ.-мат. наук, заведующий кафедрой «Транспортное строительство»</p><p>Москва, 127055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Loktev</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aaloktev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королев Вадим Вадимович, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра «Транспортное строительство»</p><p>Москва, 127055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Korolev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шишкина Ирина Викторовна, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра «Транспортное строительство»</p><p>Москва, 127055</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Shishkina</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский университет&#13;
транспорта» (ФГАОУ ВО «РУТ» (МИИТ)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>80</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>334</fpage><lpage>342</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Локтев А.А., Королев В.В., Шишкина И.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Локтев А.А., Королев В.В., Шишкина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Loktev A.A., Korolev V.V., Shishkina I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/545">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><p>Описаны особенности эксплуатации и мониторинга низководных мостов, которые встречаются на автомобильных дорогах регионального, межмуниципального и местного значения. Детально рассмотрены колебания пролетного строения моста с учетом его взаимодействия с другими элементами конструкции и окружающей среды. В качестве характеристики, изменение которой учитывает изменение состояния мостового сооружения, предлагается использовать частоту собственных колебаний. Для моделирования динамических воздействий со стороны транспорта и динамического поведения отдельных элементов и всего сооружения в целом предполагается использовать вязкоупругие элементы типа Кельвина—Фойгта. При решении задачи реализован подход, позволяющий учесть анизотропные свойства пролетного строения, связанные с различным армированием вдоль и поперек проезжей части моста, и представить расчетную схему пролета не в виде балки, опертой по краям с помощью шарниров или вязкоупругих демпферов, а в виде пластины, которая может иметь различные условия закрепления по всему контуру. Использование предлагаемой модели и подхода позволит получать необходимые данные о состоянии низководных мостов, для которых зачастую отсутствует возможность визуального осмотра или инструментального обследования с нижней стороны несущей части пролетного строения. По значениям частоты собственных колебаний можно оценивать уровень воды над меженью и прогнозировать паводковые ситуации, во время которых проезжая часть низководного моста может быть подтоплена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article describes features of operation and monitoring of low-water bridges, which are found on highways of regional, intermunicipal and local importance. Vibrations of the bridge span are considered in detail, taking into account its interaction with other structural elements and the environment. As a characteristic, the change of which takes into account the change in the state of the bridge structure, it is proposed to use the frequency of natural vibrations. To simulate the dynamic effects of transport and the dynamic behavior of individual elements and the entire structure as a whole, it is proposed to use viscoelastic elements of the Kelvin–Voigt type. When solving the problem, an approach has been implemented that makes it possible to take into account the anisotropic properties of the superstructure associated with various reinforcement along and across the roadway of the bridge, and to present the design scheme of the span not in the form of a beam supported at the edges with the help of hinges or viscoelastic dampers, but in the form of a plate, which can have different fxing conditions along the entire contour. The use of the proposed model and approach will make it possible to obtain the necessary data on the state of low-water bridges, for which there is often no possibility of visual inspection or instrumental inspection from the lower side of the bearing part of the superstructure. By the values of the frequency of natural vibrations, it is possible to estimate the water level above the low-water period and predict food situations, during which the roadway of the low-water bridge may be fooded.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автомобильные дороги</kwd><kwd>низководный мост</kwd><kwd>пролетное строение</kwd><kwd>частота колебаний</kwd><kwd>вязкоупругие элементы</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>дефекты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>automobile roads</kwd><kwd>low-water bridge</kwd><kwd>span</kwd><kwd>vibration frequency</kwd><kwd>viscoelastic elements</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>defects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hess J. Rail expansion joints — the underestimated track work material // Track-Bridge Interaction on High-Speed Railways. London, UK: Taylor&amp;Francis Group, 2009. 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