Рассмотрены физические основы движения колеса по рельсу, типы относительного движения контактирующих тел, трибологические характеристики, связывающие силовые и кинематические параметры тележки. Классический расчет кинематических и динамических параметров движения железнодорожной тележки с определением положения ее центра поворота, мгновенных осей вращения колесных пар, величины и направления всех сил представляет сложную задачу даже в квазистатике. В работе представлен упрощенный метод, который позволил в пределах одной статьи объяснить, от чего зависят основные кинематические и силовые параметры движения тележки, такие как углы установки, зазоры между гребнями колес и рельсами, износные и контактные повреждения колес и рельсов.
Railway bogie is the basic element that determines the force, kinematic, power and other parameters of the rolling stock, and its movement in the railway track has not been studied enough. Classical calculation of the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the bogie's motion with the determination of the position of its center of rotation, the instantaneous axes of rotation of wheelsets, the magnitudes and directions of all forces present a difficult problem even in quasi-static theory. The paper shows a simplified method that allows one to explain, within the limits of one article, the main kinematic and force parameters of the bogie movement (installation angles, clearance between the wheel flanges and side surfaces of the rails), wear and contact damage to the wheels and rails. Tribology of the railway bogie is an important part of transport tribology, the foundation of the theory of wheel-rail tribosystem, without which it is impossible to understand the mechanisms of catastrophic wear, derailments, contact fatigue, cohesion of wheels and rails. In the article basic questions are considered, without which it is impossible to analyze the movement of the bogie: physical foundations of wheel movement along the rail, types of relative motion of contacting bodies, tribological characteristics linking the force and kinematic parameters of the bogie. Kinematics and dynamics of a two-wheeled bogie-rail bicycle are analyzed instead of a single wheel and a wheelset, which makes it clearer and easier to explain how and what forces act on the bogie and how they affect on its position in the rail track. To calculate the motion parameters of a four-wheeled bogie, it is represented as two two-wheeled, moving each on its own rail. Connections between them are replaced by moments with respect to the point of contact between the flange of the guide wheel and the rail. This approach made it possible to give an approximate estimation of the main kinematic and force parameters of the motion of an ideal bogie (without axes skewing) in curves, to understand how the corners of the bogie installation and the gaps between the flanges of the wheels and rails vary when moving with different speeds, how wear and contact injuries arise and to give recommendations for their assessment and elimination.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.