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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ydddtl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-859</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технические средства железнодорожного транспорта</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNICAL MEANS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Остаточные эксплуатационные напряжения на поверхности катания рельса Р65</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Residual service stresses on tread of P65 rail</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7747-581X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакало</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakalo</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Иванович Сакало, д-р техн. наук, профессор</p><p>Author ID: 174319</p><p>241035, г. Брянск, бульвар 50 лет Октября, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Sakalo, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Professor</p><p>Author ID: 174319</p><p>241035, Bryansk, 7, 50th October Anni Blvd</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9137-9620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сакало</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakalo</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Сакало, канд. техн. наук, доцент, кафедра производства и сервиса в транспортном машиностроении</p><p>Author ID: 556528</p><p>241035, г. Брянск, бульвар 50 лет Октября, д. 7</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexey V. Sakalo, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Production and Service in Transport Engineering</p><p>Author ID: 556528</p><p>241035, Bryansk, 7, 50th October Anni Blvd</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakalo@umlab.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Брянский государственный технический университет (БГТУ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bryansk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сакало В.И., Сакало А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сакало В.И., Сакало А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakalo V.I., Sakalo A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/859">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/859</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблемы долговечности рельсов и методов ее прогнозирования в условиях возрастания грузонапряженности железных дорог продолжают быть актуальными. В области контакта колеса и рельса возникают высокие напряжения, вызванные усилиями их взаимодействия. Они учитываются при оценке контактной прочности рельсов, и для их расчета разработаны эффективные, апробированные методы. Кроме контактных напряжений рельсы содержат в себе остаточные технологические напряжения, возникающие при холодной правке и термоупрочнении, однако эти напряжения претерпевают изменения в процессе эксплуатации рельса. Эти напряжения недостаточно хорошо изучены. Расчетно-экспериментальными методами получены распределения технологических остаточных напряжений во внутренних точках рельса. Эксплуатационные остаточные напряжения исследованы рентгеновским методом в основном для рельсов, изготовленных из зарубежных марок сталей с большим сроком эксплуатации. Целью работы является определение остаточных эксплуатационных напряжений на поверхности катания рельса Р65 при продолжительном силовом воздействии колес тяжеловесных грузовых вагонов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для определения эксплуатационных остаточных напряжений на поверхности катания рельса использован отрезок рельса длиной 750 мм. Он находился в эксплуатации в течение 20 лет в пути с тяжеловесным движением. Измерение деформаций выполнено с помощью метода электротензометрии. Для измерения использовались тензорезисторы с базой 5 мм  </p></sec><sec><title>и сопротивлением 52,4 Ом</title><p>и сопротивлением 52,4 Ом. В продольном направлении параллельно оси рельса было наклеено 9 тензорезисторов, а в поперечном 4 тензорезистора. Для определения остаточных напряжений использован метод релаксации напряжений.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Получены распределения продольных и поперечных эксплуатационных остаточных напряжений по ширине поверхности катания рельса, а затем выполнен их анализ.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Полученные значения продольных и поперечных эксплуатационных остаточных напряжений в точках поверхности катания рельса хорошо согласуются с результатами, полученными другими авторами с использованием рентгеновских методов. При исследовании остаточных напряжений в рельсах с достаточно большим сроком эксплуатации рентгеновскими методами установлено, что наибольшие напряжения примерно одинакового значения возникают в подповерхностном слое толщиной около 10 мм. В этом слое существует наибольшая вероятность зарождения усталостных трещин. Учет полученных остаточных напряжений в методах моделирования процессов накопления контактно-усталостных повреждений позволит их усовершенствовать и повысить достоверность получаемых результатов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The problems of rail durability and methods of forecasting it in conditions of increasing traffic density continue to be relevant. High stresses occur in the area of contact between the wheel and the rail, caused by the efforts of their interaction. They are considered in assessing contact strength of rails, and for their calculations effective and proven methods were developed. In addition to contact stresses rails contain residual process stresses that appear during cold straightening and thermal hardening, but these stresses undergo changes during rail operation. These stresses are not well studied. The distributions of technological residual stresses in the inner points of the rail are obtained by computational and experimental methods. Service residual stresses were studied by X-ray method mainly for rails made of foreign grades of steels with a long service life. The aim of the article is to determine the residual service stresses on the tread of P65 rail under the inf luence of long-term force action of the wheels of heavy-load cars.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In order to determine the residual service stresses on the tread of rail, a 750 mm long piece of rail was used. It has been in service for 20 years in heavy traff ic transit. The deformations were measured using the electric strain gauge measuring method. Strain gauges with a base of 5 mm and a resistance of 52.4 Ohms were used for measurement. Longitudinally, 9 strain gauges were glued in parallel to the rail axis, and 4 strain gauges were glued transversely. The stress relaxation method was used to determine the residual stresses.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The authors obtained distributions of longitudinal and transverse residual service stresses over the width of the tread of rail and performed their analysis.</p><p>Discussion and conclusion. The obtained values of the longitudinal and transverse residual service stresses at the points of the tread of rail are in agreement with the results obtained by other authors using X-ray methods. When examining residual stresses in rails with sufficiently long service life using X-ray methods, it was found that the greatest stresses of approximately the same value arise in a subsurface layer with a thickness of about 10 mm. In this layer, there is the greatest probability of fatigue cracks. Considering the obtained residual stresses in the methods of modeling the processes of accumulation of rolling contact fatigue damage would allow to improve them and increase the accuracy of the obtained results.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>железнодорожный рельс</kwd><kwd>остаточные напряжения</kwd><kwd>электротензометрия</kwd><kwd>тензорезистор</kwd><kwd>метод релаксации</kwd><kwd>рентгеновский метод исследования напряжений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rail</kwd><kwd>residual stresses</kwd><kwd>electric strain gauge measurement</kwd><kwd>strain gauge</kwd><kwd>relaxation method</kwd><kwd>X-ray research method of stresses</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">авторы выражают благодарность за помощь в подготовке и проведении экспериментальных исследований доктору технических наук Хандожко Александру Владимировичу, инженеру Михайлову Николаю Николаевичу, инженеру Сергеенко Владиславу Сергеевичу.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фимкин А. 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