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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21780/2223-9731-2025-84-3-199-214</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">https://elibrary.ru/izmvxi</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-877</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Технические средства железнодорожного транспорта</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNICAL MEANS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Выбор расчетных методов учета сложного напряженно-деформированного состояния и среднего напряжения цикла для локализации места зарождения усталостной трещины в упругой клемме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Selection of calculation methods for accounting complex stress-strain state and mean cycle stress for the origin of fatigue crack in elastic clamp localisation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1831-6093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березин</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezin</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Олегович БЕРЕЗИН, аспирант кафедры «Путь и путевое хозяйство»127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9, стр. 9Author ID: 1303821</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim O. BEREZIN, Postgraduate Student, Track and track facilities Department127994, Moscow, bldg. 9, 9, Obraztsova St.Author ID: 1303821</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezin.vadim@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-7942</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замуховский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamukhovsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович ЗАМУХОВСКИЙ, канд. техн. наук, доцент; доцент кафедры «Путь и путевое хозяйство»127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9, стр. 9Author ID: 825248</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. ZAMUKHOVSKY, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Track and track facilities Department127994, Moscow, bldg. 9, 9, Obraztsova St. Author ID: 825248</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7722-7032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ефимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Efimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Александрович ЕФИМОВ, ведущий эксперт, группа моделирования и расчетов121205, г. Москва, инновационный центр Сколково, Большой б‑р., д. 40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey A. EFIMOV, Leading Expert, Modeling and Calculation Group121205, Moscow, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, 40, Bolshoi Blvd.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта (РУТ (МИИТ))</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Инжиниринговый центр железнодорожного транспорта (АО «ИЦ ЖТ»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Engineering Centre of Railway Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>214</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Березин В.О., Замуховский А.В., Ефимов А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Березин В.О., Замуховский А.В., Ефимов А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berezin V.O., Zamukhovsky A.V., Efimov A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/877">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/877</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Проведен обоснованный выбор методов учета сложного напряженно-деформированного состояния и среднего напряжения цикла в расчетах упругих клемм узлов промежуточных рельсовых скреплений, связанных с локализацией потенциально критических мест по условию усталостной долговечности. Определены методы, ко- торые позволяют наиболее точно локализовать места усталостных изломов упругих клемм.Материалы и методы. В качестве исследуемой клеммы была выбрана упругая клемма ЦП 369.102 (клем- ма ЖБР-65). Выбор возможных методов учета сложного напряженно-деформированного состояния и учета влия- ния среднего напряжения цикла проведен посредством обзора и анализа существующих методов. Для проведения виртуальных испытаний разработана конечно-элементная модель упругой клеммы. Проведены натурные уста- лостные испытания упругих клемм. Для сравнения результатов натурных усталостных испытаний клемм и вирту- ального эксперимента применялось 3D-сканирование изломанных фрагментов клемм.Результаты. Установлено, что экземпляры упругой клеммы ЦП 369.102 при натурных испытаниях на усталостную долговечность разрушались в двух различных зонах с вероятностью 5 и 95 %. Результаты расчетов, выполненных с использованием комбинаций методов учета сложного напряженно-деформированного состояния и влияния среднего напряжения цикла, показали удовлетворительное совпадение с экспериментально определенными ме- стами зарождения усталостных трещин в клеммах.Обсуждение и заключение. Определены комбинации методов учета сложного напряженно-деформированного состояния и учета влияния среднего напряжения цикла, которые позволяют при проведении расчетов локализо- вать потенциально критические с точки зрения усталостной долговечности места упругой клеммы. Запланированы дальнейшие исследования по разработке на основе текущих результатов модели для упругой клеммы, позволяю- щей с достаточной степенью точности оценивать ее долговечность.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The authors conducted valid accounting methods choice of complex stress-strain state and mean stress in the calculations of elastic clamps of intermediate rail fastenings nodes connected with the localisation of potentially critical sites under the condition of fatigue durability. Methods that enable to most accurately localise places of fatigue fractures has been determined.Materials and methods. The elastic clamp CP 369.102 (clamp ZhBR-65) was chosen as the clamp under study. The selection of potential methods for accounting complex stress-strain state and mean cycle stress for the origin of a fatigue crack in an elastic clamp localisation was carried out through a review and analysis of existing approaches. A finite element model of the elastic clamp was developed for conducting virtual tests. Full-scale fatigue tests of the elastic clamps were performed according to the developed test procedure. In order to compare the results of the full-scale fatigue tests and the virtual experiments, 3D scanning of the fractured clamp fragments was employed.Results. It was established that samples of the elastic clamp CP 369.102, when subjected to full-scale fatigue life tests, failed in two distinct zones with probabilities of 5 % and 95 %, respectively. The results of calculations performed using combined methods for accounting complex stress-strain states and the influence of mean cycle stress demonstrated satisfactory correlation with the experimentally determined locations of fatigue crack initiation in the clamps.Discussion and conclusion. Combinations of methods for accounting for complex stress-strain states and the influence of mean cycle stress were identified, which allow to localise potentially critical zones of the elastic clamp in terms of fatigue durability during calculations. Further research is planned and aimed at developing a model for the elastic clamp that would enable a sufficiently accurate assessment of its service life based on the current results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рельсовое скрепление</kwd><kwd>клемма</kwd><kwd>сложное напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>среднее напряжение цикла</kwd><kwd>усталостная долговечность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>railway fastening</kwd><kwd>clamp</kwd><kwd>complex stress-strain condition</kwd><kwd>mean stress</kwd><kwd>fatigue durability</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park Y.-C., An C., Sim H.-B., Kim M., Hong J.-K. Failure ana­lysis of fatigue cracking in the tension clamp of a rail fastening system. International Journal of Steel Structures. 2019;19(5):1570–1577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-019-00231-5. 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