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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21780/2223-9731-2016-0-3-174-178</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-93</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Другое</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Miscellaneous</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Рост дальности грузовых перевозок как долгосрочная экономическая тенденция</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Increase in distance of freight traffic as the long-term economic trend</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мачерет</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Macheret</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">macheret.dmitry@vniizht.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Московский государственный университет путей сообщения Николая II» МГУПС (МИИТ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University of Railway Engineering (MIIT)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>174</fpage><lpage>178</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мачерет Д.А., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мачерет Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Macheret D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/93">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/93</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполненный в статье анализ средней дальности грузовых перевозок крупнейших железнодорожных систем мира - отечественной и североамериканской - позволяет сделать заключение о том, что повышение средней дальности перевозок носит долгосрочный характер и обусловлено фундаментальными факторами, связанными с закономерностями экономического роста. При этом выявлено, что среднегодовой темп прироста средней дальности грузовых перевозок для обеих рассматриваемых железнодорожных систем очень близок и составляет около 1 %. Предложен новый показатель - «средняя дальность общего перемещения товаров», который, в отличие от дальности перевозки конкретным видом транспорта, будет характеризовать перемещение товара от производителя к конечному потребителю в рамках глобального обмена, сквозной логистики товародвижения. Сделан вывод о том, что благодаря доставке товаров на дальние расстояния обеспечиваются эффективное межрегиональное разделение труда, специализация и кооперирование производства, подрываются локальные монополии и в итоге повышается эффективность экономики и благосостояние людей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The analysis of average distance of freight transportation of the largest railway systems of the world made in article - domestic and North American allows making the conclusion that increase of average distance of transportations has long-term character and is caused by the fundamental factors connected with regularities of economic growth. At the same time it is revealed that annual average rate of a surplus of average distance of freight transportation for both considered railway systems is very close and constitutes about 1 %. Growth of distance of transportations happened both in market conditions and in case of centralized state planned economy, during domination of a rail transport in freight transportation and in the conditions of active shift of part of freight flows to other transport modes (first of all pipeline and automobile). The new indicator is offered - “average distance of general movement of goods” which, unlike distance of transportation by a specific transport mode, will characterize movement of goods from the producer to the final consumer within a global exchange, end-to-end logistics of merchandising. The conclusion is drawn on that due to the goods delivery on a long distance effective interregional job specialization is provided, as well as specialization and cooperation of production, local monopolies are undermined and as a result efficiency of economy and welfare of people increases. At the same time in the conditions of considerable range of transportations technical and economic advantages reveal and high competitiveness of the railroads is provided.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дальность грузовых перевозок</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическое развитие</kwd><kwd>специализация</kwd><kwd>глобализация</kwd><kwd>конкурентоспособность железных дорог</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>distance of freight transport</kwd><kwd>social and economic development</kwd><kwd>specialization</kwd><kwd>globalization</kwd><kwd>competitiveness of railways</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AAR. Railroad Facts. Washington, DC: Policy and Economics Department Association of American Railroads, 2015. 86 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AAR. Policy and Economics Department Association of American Railroads. 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