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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnikvniizht</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Научно-исследовательского института железнодорожного транспорта (ВЕСТНИК ВНИИЖТ)</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RUSSIAN RAILWAY SCIENCE JOURNAL</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2223-9731</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2713-2560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Joint Stock Company "Railway Research Institute"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21780/2223-9731-2026-85-2-135-151</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">https://elibrary.ru/achyf</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnikvniizht-947</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNICAL MEANS OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности усталостного разрушения упругих клемм промежуточных рельсовых скреплений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of fatigue fracture features in elastic clamps of railway fastening systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7717-0719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботвина</surname><given-names>Л. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Botvina</surname><given-names>L. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Рафаиловна БОТВИНА, д‑р техн. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>119334, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ludmila R. BOTVINA, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Researcher</p><p>119334, Moscow, 49, Leninsky Ave.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-3071</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демина</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demina</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна ДЕМИНА, канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>119334, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia A. DEMINA, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science</p><p>119334, Moscow, 49, Leninsky Ave.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1831-6093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березин</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezin</surname><given-names>V. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Олегович БЕРЕЗИН, аспирант кафедры «Путь и путевое хозяйство»</p><p>127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9, стр. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim O. BEREZIN, Postgraduate, Track and Track Facilities Department</p><p>127994, Moscow, bldg. 9, 9, Obraztsova St.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-4794</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тютин</surname><given-names>М. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyutin</surname><given-names>М. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марат Равилевич ТЮТИН, канд. техн. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>119334, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marat R. TYUTIN, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science</p><p>119334, Moscow, 49, Leninsky Ave.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Замуховский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zamukhovsky</surname><given-names>А. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Владимирович ЗАМУХОВСКИЙ, канд. техн. наук, доцент; доцент кафедры «Путь и путевое хозяйство»</p><p>127994, г. Москва, ул. Образцова, д. 9, стр. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. ZAMUKHOVSKY, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor, Track and Track facilities Department</p><p> 127994, Moscow, bldg. 9, 9, Obraztsova St.</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет транспорта (РУТ (МИИТ))</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian University of Transport</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>85</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>151</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ботвина Л.Р., Демина Ю.А., Березин В.О., Тютин М.Р., Замуховский А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ботвина Л.Р., Демина Ю.А., Березин В.О., Тютин М.Р., Замуховский А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Botvina L.R., Demina Y.A., Berezin V.О., Tyutin М.R., Zamukhovsky А.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/947">https://www.journal-vniizht.ru/jour/article/view/947</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема повышения качества и продления эксплуатационного ресурса рельсовых скреплений, в частности, упругих клемм, стала наиболее острой в настоящее время. Причиной является развитие высокоскоростного и грузонапряженного движения поездов. В эксплуатации упругая клемма воспринимает преднагрузку монтажным усилием и динамическое нагружение циклами догружения и частичной разгрузки, обусловленное воздействием подвижного состава. Усталостная долговечность является наиболее важным параметром, определяющим надежность клеммы и безопасность движения поездов. Цель настоящего исследования — анализ основных механизмов усталостного разрушения трех клемм, испытанных при различных режимах циклического нагружения (по  стандартной и ускоренной методикам испытаний) путем исследования изломов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и  методы</title><p>Материалы и  методы. В  качестве объекта исследования была выбрана упругая клемма ЦП 369.102 (клемма ЖБР‑65). Испытания были выполнены и стандартным методом, удовлетворяющим требованиям ГОСТ 33186–2014, и ускоренным методом Локати. При анализе изломов клеммы применялся фрактографический метод.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Установлено подобие процессов, приводящих к усталостному разрушению для клемм, подвергнутых испытаниям по стандартному и ускоренному методам. Проведен фрактографический анализ изломов трех упругих клемм. Для каждой из клемм представлен анализ механизма усталостного разрушения. У одной клеммы, испытанной по стандартному методу, в очаге зарождения трещины было найдено неметаллическое включение.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и  заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и  заключение. Во  всех рассмотренных случаях разрушение сопровождалось зарождением усталостных микротрещин от неметаллических включений или дефектов на поверхности прутка клеммы. Действующий на данный момент стандарт не нормирует загрязненность неметаллическими включениями сталей, предназначенных для изготовления клемм. Целесообразно провести дополнительные исследования для оценки влияния неметаллических включений на усталостную долговечность клемм.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. In this article, a study was conducted focusing on the investigation of fatigue fracture characteristics of elastic clamps used in railway fastening systems, which were subjected to fatigue tests following standard and accelerated methodologies. The problem of improving the quality and extending the service life of rail fasteners, particularly elastic clamps, has become the most acute at the present time. The reason is the development of high-speed and heavy train traffic. In operation, the elastic clamp perceives preloading by mounting force and dynamic loading by cycles of preloading and partial unloading due to the impact of rolling stock. Fatigue life is the most important parameter determining clamps reliability and train safety. The purpose of this study is to analyse the main mechanisms of fatigue fracture of three clamps tested under various cyclic loading modes (according to standard and accelerated test methods) by examining fatigue fracture surfaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The elastic clamp CP 369.102 (clamp ZhBR-65) was chosen as the object of the study. The tests were performed using both the standard method that meets the requirements of GOST 33186–2014 and the accelerated Locati method. Fractographic method was used in the analysis of clamps fatigue fracture surfaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The similarity of processes leading to fatigue fracture has been established for clamps tested using standard and accelerated methods. A fractographic analysis was conducted on the fatigue fracture surfaces of three elastic clamps. An analysis of the fatigue fracture mechanism is provided for each clamp. For the clamp tested by the standard method, a non-metallic inclusion was found at the crack initiation site.</p><p>Discussion and conclusion. In all studied cases, the fracture of the clamps was accompanied by the initiation of fatigue microcracks originating from inclusions or defects on the lateral surface (the rod surface of the clamp). Current standard does not normalise contamination with non-metallic inclusions intended for the manufacture of clamps. It is reasonable to conduct additional studies in order to assess the influence of non-metallic inclusions in the steel on the fatigue durability of the clamps.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>промежуточное рельсовое скрепление</kwd><kwd>клемма</kwd><kwd>фрактография</kwd><kwd>сложное напряженно-деформированное состояние</kwd><kwd>среднее напряжение цикла</kwd><kwd>излом</kwd><kwd>усталостная долговечность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intermediate rail fastening</kwd><kwd>clamp</kwd><kwd>fractography</kwd><kwd>complex stress-strain condition</kwd><kwd>mean stress</kwd><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>fatigue durability</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">the authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this article.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беляев М.С., Кошкин С.Б., Горбовец М.А. 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