History and modernity of the economy of railway transport in the works of VNIIZHT scientists

The article reflects the most important areas of work and the contribution of scientists of the Department of Economics and Finance of the JSC “VNIIZHT” (now the scientific center “Economics of Complex Projects and Tariff Formation”) in the development of economic science in railway transport since the foundation of the department in 1944 to the present.

Theoretical foundations for measuring the economic efficiency of capital investments and new technology in the national economy were created by the head of the department academician T. S. Khachaturov, and then adapted to the conditions of railway transport by the head of the department Dr. Tech. Sci., prof. A. E. Gibshman, head of the sector Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. N. N. Barkov and their followers. Issues of management accounting, analysis, planning of operating costs, calculating the cost of transportation, calculating the unit costs of measuring transport work are central to the research of the department. Under the scientific guidance of Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. A. P. Abramov in this area of research in the department has developed a large scientific school. In the development of scientific areas for economic incentives and increasing labor productivity and financial management, a great contribution was made by Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. M. M. Tolkacheva. Traditional scientific direction for the department of economics is the improvement of pricing for freight and passenger transportation, and other activities. Theoretical research and practical development since the beginning of the 70s of the last century were conducted under the leadership of Dr. Econ. Sci. A. V. Kreinin, and later — the head of the department Dr. Econ. Sci. L. A. Mazo. Since the mid-80s under the direction of Dr. Econ. Sci., prof. O. F. Miroshnichenko, the issues of the economy of passenger transportation stand out in a separate scientific direction, covering high-speed traffic, costs, marketing, tariffs, reforming the passenger complex.

At present, the staff of the research center continues to conduct research in the most important areas of the economy of railway transport, which contribute to the increase in the efficiency and competitiveness of Russian Railways in the transport services market.

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2. Mazo L. A., Pisarevskiy G. E. Ekonomika zheleznodorozhnogo transporta: problemy i resheniya. Sb. nauch. tr. OAO “VNIIZhT” [Economy of railway transport: problems and solutions. Coll. of scientific works of the JSC “VNIIZHT”]. Moscow, Intext Publ., 2005, 352 p.

3. Miroshnichenko O. F. Ekonomicheskie problemy razvitiya zheleznodorozhnogo transporta na etapakh ego innovatsionnykh i strukturnykh preobrazovaniy. Sb. nauch. tr. OAO “VNIIZhT” [Economic problems of the development of railway transport at the stages of its innovative and structural transformations. Coll. of scientific works of the JSC “VNIIZHT”]. Moscow, Intext Publ., 2009, 279 p.

4. Miroshnichenko O. F. Aktual'nye problemy zheleznodorozhnogo transporta i puti ikh resheniya. Sb. nauch. tr. OAO “VNIIZhT” [Actual problems of railway transport and ways to solve them. Сoll. of scientific works of the JSC “VNIIZHT”]. Moscow, VMG-Print Publ., 2014, 257 p.

5. Miroshnichenko O. F. Ekonomicheskie issledovaniya zheleznodorozhnogo kompleksa i ikh prakticheskoe znachenie. Sb. nauch. tr. OAO “VNIIZhT” [Economic research of the railway complex and their practical significance. Сoll. of scientific works of the JSC “VNIIZHT”]. Moscow, RAS Publ., 2019, 209 p.

6. Miroshnichenko O. F. Metodicheskoe obespechenie raschetov ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti sooruzheniya vysokoskorostnykh liniy [Methodological support for calculating the economic efficiency of the construction of high-speed lines]. Vestnik VNIIZhT [Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute], 1993, no. 2, pp. 31–35.

7. Methodological recommendations for calculating the economic efficiency of new equipment, technology, intellectual property objects and rationalization proposals. Approved by the order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated November 28, 2008 No. 2538r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

8. Procedure for determining the effectiveness of the formation and driving of connected trains in all types of traffic based on the criteria of economic feasibility, the state and load of infrastructure, traffic safety. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 28, 2015 No. 3109r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

9. Comprehensive methodology for assessing the technological and economic efficiency of heavy traffic and driving connected trains on railway lines, taking into account their impact on the cost of the life cycle of infrastructure facilities and traction rolling stock. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 22, 2016 No. 2628/r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

10. Methodology for assessing and criteria for the economic efficiency of shipping routes. Approved by the order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated May 30, 2017 No. 1026r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

11. Miroshnichenko O. F., Ryshkov A. V., Granovskaya G. A., Lapidus B. M. Otsenka posledstviy i riskov vvedeniya instituta lokal'nykh perevozchikov i otdeleniya perevozochnoy deyatel'nosti ot infrastruktury OAO “RZhD” [Assessment of the consequences and risks of introducing the institution of local carriers and the separation of transportation activities from the infrastructure of the JSC “Russian Railways”]. Nauchnoe obespechenie innovatsionnogo razvitiya i povysheniya effektivnosti deyatel'nosti zheleznodorozhnogo transporta [Scientific support for innovative development and increasing the efficiency of railway transport]. Moscow, Mittel Press Publ., 2014, pp. 71–78.

12. Tolkacheva M. M., Pisarevskiy G. E. Povyshenie effektivnosti innovatsiy i motivatsiya ikh vnedreniya na zheleznykh dorogakh Rossii. Nauch.-metod. posobie [Increasing the efficiency of innovations and the motivation for its implementation on the Russian Railways. Scientific and methodological manual]. Moscow, Intext Publ., 2014. 152 p.

13. Abramov A. P., Vasil'eva G. A., Vol'fson A. L., Mikhel' N. V. Nauchno-metodicheskie osnovy postroeniya nomenklatury raskhodov v zheleznodorozhnom transporte [Scientific and methodological foundations for constructing the nomenclature of costs in railway transport]. Vestnik VNIIZhT [Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute], 2003, no. 3, pp. 3 – 9.

14. Efimova E. N., Morozova M. V. Novye metodicheskie podkhody k ekonomicheskoy otsenke izmeneniya pokazateley ekspluatatsionnoy raboty [New methodological approaches to the economic assessment of changes in performance indicators]. Zheleznodorozhnyy transport, 2008, no. 4, pp. 96 – 99.

15. Methodology for budgeting financial results by the types of activities of the JSC “Russian Railways”, not related to the implementation of transportation, the provision of infrastructure and locomotive traction services. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 29, 2012 No. 2787r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

16. Procedure for determining and monitoring labor productivity of employees of the holding. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated September 29, 2016 No. 1989r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

17. Method of flexible pricing for the services of the terminal and warehouse complex of Russian Railways, not regulated by the state, and the procedure for its application. Approved by the minutes of the meeting of the Management Board of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 29, 2015 No. 54. URL: https://base.garant.ru/71673748 (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

18. Methodology for conducting regular specialized marketing research for the purpose of adjusting the models of optimization of tariff policy. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways”dated December 17, 2009 No. 2605r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

19. Accounting procedure for the reduced work to calculate the cost of transportation and labor productivity, taking into account the impact of container traffic on the indicators of freight turnover. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated January 28, 2020 No. 156/r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

20. Methodological recommendations for calculating expense rates for solving internal corporate economic tasks of the “Russian Railways” and its branches. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 31, 2020 No. 3025/r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

21. Guidelines for calculating the estimated levels of costs arising from the elimination of failures of technical means. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated December 31, 2020 No. 3025/r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).

22. Guidelines for calculating the estimated levels of costs arising in violation of the procedure for organizing work with a temporary break in the train motion. Approved by order of the JSC “Russian Railways” dated February 16, 2021 No. 313/r. URL: http://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/study/links (retrieved on 04.05.2021) (in Russ.).